"external-representation"; "External representation"; ; ; "A concrete artifact, such as a sketch, model, concept map, or prototype, that makes design thinking visible so it can support reflection, communication, collaboration, and iteration."; "approved"; ; "External representations move design knowledge out of an individual designer's head and give a team something persistent to examine, discuss, and revise."; ; ; "design representation"; , ; a , . "A concrete artifact, such as a sketch, model, concept map, or prototype, that makes design thinking visible so it can support reflection, communication, collaboration, and iteration."; "en"; ; "approved"; 1. "Exploring Learning Engineering Design Decision Tracking". _:b28 a ; ; ; "Learning Engineering Design Decision Tracking"; "Review of Literature; external representations support reflection, iteration, communication, collaboration, and sharing design knowledge; TechTrends p. 818; PDF p. 3"; "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11528-025-01076-y.pdf#page=3"; 3; "Springer"; "direct". _:b28; a , . "Exploring Learning Engineering Design Decision Tracking"; "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11528-025-01076-y"; "CC BY 4.0"; "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"; a .