"inference-modeling"; "Inference modeling"; ; ; "The use of models to infer latent states, relationships, or explanations from observed data."; "approved"; ; "Learning systems often need to reason about constructs that are not directly observable, such as mastery, engagement, or likely next actions."; ; ; , , ; a , . "The use of models to infer latent states, relationships, or explanations from observed data."; "en"; ; "approved"; 1. "Learning Engineering Body of Knowledge (LeBOK)". _:b42 a ; ; ; "LeBOK"; "direct"; "8.3.2 Inference Modeling"; "https://lebok.wiki/en/knowledge-area-8-learning-analytics/8-3-categories-of-methods-algorithms-and-models-in-learning-analytics/8-3-2-inference-modeling". _:b42; a , . "Learning Engineering Body of Knowledge (LeBOK)"; "https://lebok.wiki/"; "Used with permission"; a .